强化学习（RL）政策的解释性仍然是一个具有挑战性的研究问题，尤其是在安全环境中考虑RL时。理解RL政策的决策和意图提供了将安全性纳入政策的途径，通过限制不良行动。我们建议使用布尔决策规则模型来创建基于事后规则的代理政策的摘要。我们使用经过训练的熔岩网格世界训练的DQN代理评估我们的方法，并表明可以创建此GRIDWORLD的手工制作的功能表示，可以创建简单的广义规则，从而提供代理商策略的可解释后摘要。我们讨论了可能通过使用该规则模型生成的规则作为对代理策略施加的约束的规则，并讨论如何创建代理策略的简单规则摘要可能有助于在调试过程中创建简单的规则摘要，从而讨论了将安全引入RL代理政策的可能途径。RL代理。

大多数机器学习（ML）算法具有多个随机元素，并且它们的性能受这些随机性来源的影响。本文使用一项经验研究来系统地检查两个来源的效果：模型训练中的随机性和在数据集分配到训练和测试子集中的随机性中。我们量化和比较以下ML算法的预测性能变化的幅度：随机森林（RFS），梯度增强机（GBMS）和前馈神经网络（FFNNS）。在不同的算法中，与基于树的方法相比，模型训练中的随机性会导致FFNN的变化更大。这是可以预期的，因为FFNN具有更多的随机元素，这些元素是其模型初始化和训练的一部分。我们还发现，与模型训练的固有随机性相比，数据集的随机分裂会导致更高的变化。如果原始数据集具有相当大的异质性，则数据拆分的变化可能是一个主要问题。关键字：模型培训，可重复性，变化

随着食品交付平台的日益普及，在这些平台中研究“演出”工人的工作条件已变得相关，尤其是为他们提供公平的工资，合理的工作时间和工作可用性的透明度。但是，对这些问题的任何解决方案都不得降低客户体验，并具有成本效益，以确保平台愿意采用它们。我们建议使用Work4Food，该食品为交付代理提供收入保证，同时最大程度地降低平台成本并确保客户满意度。 Work4food确保满足收入保证的方式不会导致工作时间增加或降低环境影响。为了结合这些目标，工作4食品通过控制系统中的代理数量并根据代理人（例如代理位置，评级等因素）向代理提供动态付款保证。食品交付平台并在手头的多维目标方面建立了对最新技术的优势。

机器学习模型可能涉及决策边界，这些界限由于对规则和规则的更新而随时间而变化，例如在贷款批准或索赔管理中。然而，在这种情况下，可能需要足够的训练数据来累积时的时间，以便重新恢复模型以反映新的决策边界。虽然已经完成了加强现有决策边界的工作，但已经介绍了ML模型的决策边界应该改变的这些方案，以便反映新规则。在本文中，我们专注于用户提供的反馈规则作为加快ML模型更新过程的方式，我们正式介绍预处理训练数据的问题，以响应于反馈规则，使得模型一旦模型在预处理的数据上被培训，其决策边界与规则更紧密地对齐。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新的数据增强方法，基于反馈规则的过采样技术。使用不同ML模型和现实世界数据集的广泛实验证明了该方法的有效性，特别是增强的好处和处理许多反馈规则的能力。

在复杂的任务中，奖励函数并不简单，并且由一组目标，多种强化学习（RL）策略充分地执行任务，但可以通过调整个人目标对奖励功能的影响来训练不同的策略。了解政策之间的策略差异是必要的，使用户能够在提供的策略之间进行选择，可以帮助开发人员了解从各种奖励功能中出现的不同行为，并在RL系统中培训QuantEnparameters。在这项工作中，我们可以比较两项训练在同一任务的两项政策的行为，但在目标中具有不同的偏好。我们提出了一种区分源自来自不同能力的行为的差异的方法，这是两种R1代理商的偏好的结果。此外，我们只使用基于优先级的差异数据，以便产生关于代理偏好的对比解释。最后，我们在自主驾驶任务上测试和评估我们的方法，并比较安全导向政策的行为和更喜欢速度的行为。

Cashews are grown by over 3 million smallholders in more than 40 countries worldwide as a principal source of income. As the third largest cashew producer in Africa, Benin has nearly 200,000 smallholder cashew growers contributing 15% of the country's national export earnings. However, a lack of information on where and how cashew trees grow across the country hinders decision-making that could support increased cashew production and poverty alleviation. By leveraging 2.4-m Planet Basemaps and 0.5-m aerial imagery, newly developed deep learning algorithms, and large-scale ground truth datasets, we successfully produced the first national map of cashew in Benin and characterized the expansion of cashew plantations between 2015 and 2021. In particular, we developed a SpatioTemporal Classification with Attention (STCA) model to map the distribution of cashew plantations, which can fully capture texture information from discriminative time steps during a growing season. We further developed a Clustering Augmented Self-supervised Temporal Classification (CASTC) model to distinguish high-density versus low-density cashew plantations by automatic feature extraction and optimized clustering. Results show that the STCA model has an overall accuracy of 80% and the CASTC model achieved an overall accuracy of 77.9%. We found that the cashew area in Benin has doubled from 2015 to 2021 with 60% of new plantation development coming from cropland or fallow land, while encroachment of cashew plantations into protected areas has increased by 70%. Only half of cashew plantations were high-density in 2021, suggesting high potential for intensification. Our study illustrates the power of combining high-resolution remote sensing imagery and state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to better understand tree crops in the heterogeneous smallholder landscape.

Deep learning techniques with neural networks have been used effectively in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to obtain solutions to nonlinear differential equations. This paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach to solve the Blasius function. This method eliminates the process of changing the non-linear differential equation to an initial value problem. Also, it tackles the convergence issue arising in the conventional series solution. It is seen that this method produces results that are at par with the numerical and conventional methods. The solution is extended to the negative axis to show that PINNs capture the singularity of the function at $\eta=-5.69$

Attention mechanisms form a core component of several successful deep learning architectures, and are based on one key idea: ''The output depends only on a small (but unknown) segment of the input.'' In several practical applications like image captioning and language translation, this is mostly true. In trained models with an attention mechanism, the outputs of an intermediate module that encodes the segment of input responsible for the output is often used as a way to peek into the `reasoning` of the network. We make such a notion more precise for a variant of the classification problem that we term selective dependence classification (SDC) when used with attention model architectures. Under such a setting, we demonstrate various error modes where an attention model can be accurate but fail to be interpretable, and show that such models do occur as a result of training. We illustrate various situations that can accentuate and mitigate this behaviour. Finally, we use our objective definition of interpretability for SDC tasks to evaluate a few attention model learning algorithms designed to encourage sparsity and demonstrate that these algorithms help improve interpretability.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become commonplace to solve routine everyday tasks. Because of the exponential growth in medical imaging data volume and complexity, the workload on radiologists is steadily increasing. We project that the gap between the number of imaging exams and the number of expert radiologist readers required to cover this increase will continue to expand, consequently introducing a demand for AI-based tools that improve the efficiency with which radiologists can comfortably interpret these exams. AI has been shown to improve efficiency in medical-image generation, processing, and interpretation, and a variety of such AI models have been developed across research labs worldwide. However, very few of these, if any, find their way into routine clinical use, a discrepancy that reflects the divide between AI research and successful AI translation. To address the barrier to clinical deployment, we have formed MONAI Consortium, an open-source community which is building standards for AI deployment in healthcare institutions, and developing tools and infrastructure to facilitate their implementation. This report represents several years of weekly discussions and hands-on problem solving experience by groups of industry experts and clinicians in the MONAI Consortium. We identify barriers between AI-model development in research labs and subsequent clinical deployment and propose solutions. Our report provides guidance on processes which take an imaging AI model from development to clinical implementation in a healthcare institution. We discuss various AI integration points in a clinical Radiology workflow. We also present a taxonomy of Radiology AI use-cases. Through this report, we intend to educate the stakeholders in healthcare and AI (AI researchers, radiologists, imaging informaticists, and regulators) about cross-disciplinary challenges and possible solutions.

Radiance Fields (RF) are popular to represent casually-captured scenes for new view generation and have been used for applications beyond it. Understanding and manipulating scenes represented as RFs have to naturally follow to facilitate mixed reality on personal spaces. Semantic segmentation of objects in the 3D scene is an important step for that. Prior segmentation efforts using feature distillation show promise but don't scale to complex objects with diverse appearance. We present a framework to interactively segment objects with fine structure. Nearest neighbor feature matching identifies high-confidence regions of the objects using distilled features. Bilateral filtering in a joint spatio-semantic space grows the region to recover accurate segmentation. We show state-of-the-art results of segmenting objects from RFs and compositing them to another scene, changing appearance, etc., moving closer to rich scene manipulation and understanding. Project Page: https://rahul-goel.github.io/isrf/